anemia الانيما فقر الدم ( الترجمة)
Anemia, one of the more common blood disorders, occurs when the level of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) in the body becomes too low. This can lead to health problems because RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the body's tissues. anemia can cause a variety of complications, including fatigue and stress on bodily organs.
Anemia can be caused by many things, but the three main bodily mechanisms that produce it are:
excessive destruction of RBCs
blood loss
inadequate production of RBCs
Among many other causes, anemia can result from inherited disorders, nutritional problems (such as an iron or vitamin deficiency), infections, some kinds of cancer, or exposure to a drug or toxin.
Anemia Caused by Destruction of RBCs
Hemolytic ("hemo" means blood, "lytic" means destroying) anemia occurs when red blood cells are being destroyed prematurely. (Normally, the lifespan of RBCs is 120 days. In hemolytic anemia, they have a much shorter lifespan.) And the bone marrow (the soft, spongy tissue inside bones that makes new blood cells) simply can't keep up with the body's demand for new cells. This can happen for a variety of reasons. Sometimes, infections or certain medications - such as antibiotics or antiseizure medicines - are to blame.
In a condition known as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakes RBCs for foreign invaders and begins destroying them. Other children inherit defects in the red blood cells that lead to anemia. Common forms of inherited hemolytic anemia include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Sickle cell anemia is a severe form of anemia found most commonly in people of African heritage, although it can affect those of Caucasian, Saudi Arabian
Treating Anemia
Treatment for anemia depends on its cause. It's important not to assume that any symptoms your child may be having are due to iron deficiency. Be sure to have your child checked by a doctor.
If your child does have iron deficiency anemia, the doctor may prescribe medication as drops (for infants) or as a liquid or tablet (for older children), and also may recommend adding certain iron-rich foods to your child's diet.
If your teenage daughter is anemic and has heavy or irregular menstrual periods, in some cases her doctor may prescribe a birth control pill to help regulate the bleeding.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements may be prescribed if the anemia is traced to a deficiency of these nutrients, although this is rare in children.
If a certain medication appears to be the cause, your child's doctor may discontinue it or replace it with something else - unless the benefit of the drug outweighs this side effect.
Anemia caused by an infection will usually improve when the infection passes or is treated.
Depending on the cause, treatment for more severe or chronic forms of anemia may include:
transfusions of normal red blood cells taken from a donor
removal of the spleen or treatment with medications to prevent blood cells from being removed from circulation or destroyed too rapidly
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03-05-2010, 08:26 PM
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